Mustard Seed Planting 🎯 Reliable

| Parameter | Optimal Range | Tolerable Range | Critical Notes | |-----------|---------------|----------------|----------------| | | 15–21°C (59–70°F) | 5–30°C | >24°C during flowering reduces seed set & oil content | | Temperature (night) | 4–10°C | -2°C (frost hardy at rosette stage) | Frost during flowering = complete crop failure | | Annual rainfall | 350–500 mm (14–20 in) | 250–700 mm | Requires moisture at germination & pod fill; sensitive to drought during flowering | | Photoperiod | Long-day (>12 hrs) | — | Flowers earlier under longer days; critical for regional adaptation |