su -
# groupadd dba
# useradd -g dba oracle

kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144

session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

session required pam_limits.so

oracle    soft  nproc  2047
oracle    hard  nproc  16384
oracle    soft  nofile  1024
oracle    hard  nofile  65536

# mkdir /opt/oracle
# mkdir /opt/oracle/102
# chown -R oracle:dba /opt/oracle

ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/102
ORACLE_SID=ORCL
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH

ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/102
ORACLE_SID=ORCL
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib32
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH

cd /home/oracle
. .bash_profile

rpm -q binutils gcc glibc glibc-headers glibc-kernheaders glibc-devel compat-libstdc++ cpp compat-gcc make compat-db compat-gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-devel setarch sysstat pdksh libaio libaio-devel --qf '%{name}.%{arch}\n'|sort

rpm -q binutils compat-db compat-libstdc++-33 glibc glibc-devel glibc-headers gcc gcc-c++ libstdc++ cpp make libaio ksh elfutils-libelf sysstat libaio libaio-devel setarch --qf '%{name}.%{arch}\n'|sort

binutils.i386
compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128.i386
compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128.i386
compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128.i386
compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128.i386
cpp.i386
gcc.i386
gcc-c++.i386
glibc.i386
glibc-common.i386
glibc-devel.i386
glibc-headers.i386
glibc-kernheaders.i386
libstdc++.i386
libstdc++-devel.i386
libaio
libai-devel.i386
pdksh.i386
setarch.i386
sysstat.i386

binutils.x86_64
compat-db.x86_64
compat-libstdc++-33.i386
compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64
cpp.x86_64
elfutils-libelf.i386
elfutils-libelf.x86_64
gcc-c++.x86_64
gcc.x86_64
glibc-devel.i386
glibc-devel.x86_64
glibc-headers.x86_64
glibc.i686
glibc.x86_64
ksh.x86_64
libaio-devel.i386
libaio-devel.x86_64
libaio.i386
libaio.i386
libaio.x86_64
libaio.x86_64
libstdc++.i386
libstdc++.x86_64
make.x86_64
setarch.x86_64
sysstat.x86_64

# rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.96-3.src.rpm
# cd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/
# rpmbuild -bb --target i386 libaio.spec
# cd ../RPMS/i386/

# rpm -ivh <package_name>.rpm

unzip 10201_database_linux32.zip

gunzip 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
cpio -idmv <10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio

[Certified Versions]
Linux=redhat-3,SuSE-9,redhat-4,UnitedLinux-1.0,asianux-1,asianux-2,redhat-5

cd db/Disk1/
./runInstaller

ORCL:/opt/oracle/102:Y

#!/bin/bash
#
# oracle Init file for starting and stopping
# Oracle Database. Script is valid for 10g and 11g versions.
#
# chkconfig: 35 80 30
# description: Oracle Database startup script

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

ORACLE_OWNER="oracle"
ORACLE_HOME="/opt/oracle/102"

case "$1" in
start)
echo -n $"Starting Oracle DB:"
su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
echo "OK"
;;
stop)
echo -n $"Stopping Oracle DB:"
su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME"
echo "OK"
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
esac

chmod 750 /etc/init.d/oracle
chkconfig --add oracle --level 0356

Dubbed Movies — Kannada

In conclusion, the phenomenon of Kannada dubbed movies is not a passing fad but a permanent, transformative force in the state's entertainment landscape. It is a story of market economics meeting cultural appetite. While these movies have undoubtedly brought spectacle and competition to Kannada cinema, they also pose an existential question: Can Sandalwood produce enough quality, large-scale content to protect its home turf? The answer likely lies not in banning or resisting dubs—an impossible task in a free market—but in co-opting the lesson. The future of a vibrant Kannada film industry depends on making original movies so compelling, so rooted yet universal, that the audience chooses a native story over a foreign one dressed in a familiar voice. Until then, the projector will keep rolling on both the original and the imitation, each fighting for the heart of the Kannada moviegoer.

From a linguistic perspective, the quality of dubbing is a constant point of debate. In the rush to cash in on a hit, many films are poorly dubbed, with mismatched lip-sync, unnatural dialogue, and a jarring disconnect between the actor's body language and the voice. A polished actor from Chennai speaking raw, unaccented Kannada through a voice artist can feel inauthentic. Yet, when done well—by respected voice artists who adapt, not just translate, the script—a dubbed film can truly feel like a Kannada film. This nuance is critical; the best dubs respect the rhythm and slang of different regions within Karnataka, while the worst merely provide a functional, lifeless translation. kannada dubbed movies

The impact on Sandalwood itself has been profound and polarizing. Proponents of the trend argue that dubbed films have expanded the overall market. They point to the post- KGF era, where the success of a Kannada original inspired other industries to dub their films into Kannada, increasing the total revenue pool. The competition has forced Kannada filmmakers to up their game—improving technical quality, marketing strategies, and storytelling ambition. However, critics paint a grimmer picture. They argue that dubbed films "clog" theatre screens, occupying prime slots that could have gone to mid-budget Kannada films. This creates a vicious cycle: fewer local films get releases, leading to fewer opportunities for Kannada technicians, writers, and actors, which in turn reduces the variety of content available to the audience. In conclusion, the phenomenon of Kannada dubbed movies

For decades, the Kannada film industry, lovingly known as Sandalwood, has cultivated a rich identity rooted in local stories, folklore, and the unique cultural ethos of Karnataka. However, the last decade has witnessed a seismic shift in the viewing habits of the Kannada audience, driven by a powerful and often controversial force: the dubbed movie. What was once a rare theatrical experiment has become a dominant economic and cultural reality, fundamentally reshaping what Kannada audiences watch and how the local industry operates. The answer likely lies not in banning or

Culturally, the rise of dubbed films has been a double-edged sword. On one hand, it has democratized access to stories. A farmer in the Mandya district can now witness the superheroics of a Kantara -like folklore (dubbed from Tulu or other languages) or the high-octane action of a Yash or a Ram Charan film in his mother tongue. This exposure has broadened cinematic horizons, creating a more informed and demanding audience that now expects higher production values from local filmmakers. On the other hand, there is a palpable fear of cultural erosion. The unique idioms, humor, local references, and the very texture of native Kannada storytelling risk being drowned out by a homogenized, "pan-Indian" masala template. When a Telugu family drama’s cultural nuances are flattened into generic Kannada dialogue, something intrinsic is lost.

The primary driver behind the surge in Kannada dubbed movies is, unequivocally, economics and accessibility. Producing a big-budget spectacle featuring cutting-edge visual effects, high-end cinematography, and pan-Indian stars is astronomically expensive. For a regional industry like Sandalwood, replicating the scale of a KGF (which, ironically, was a Kannada original) or a Baahubali is a financial gamble. Dubbing offers a shortcut. A Telugu or Tamil blockbuster, having already recovered its investment in its home market, can be dubbed into Kannada for a fraction of the original production cost. This allows multiplexes in Bengaluru and single-screen theatres in rural Karnataka to offer a "premium" experience at a standard ticket price. For the average moviegoer, paying the same amount to watch a star-studded, VFX-heavy film from another language is a logical choice, especially when local alternatives might lack similar grandeur.

chmod 750 /etc/init.d/oraemctl
chkconfig --add oraemctl --level 0356

su -
# rpm -ivh rlwrap*.rpm
# exit
echo "alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "alias adrci='rlwrap rman'" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
. /home/oracle/.bash_profile